Which research method emphasizes numerical data for hypotheses testing?

The research method that emphasizes numerical data for hypotheses testing is quantitative research. This approach involves the collection and analysis of numerical data, allowing researchers to quantify variables and establish relationships between them. Quantitative research is typically associated with statistical techniques that can validate or challenge hypotheses formulated from theories or prior findings. This method often involves surveys, experiments, or observational studies where data can be measured and analyzed for patterns.

In contrast, qualitative research focuses on understanding concepts, meanings, or experiences through non-numerical data, such as interviews, open-ended surveys, and content analysis. Descriptive research primarily aims to provide a detailed account of a phenomenon rather than test hypotheses, often involving observations or case studies. Pilot studies are preliminary studies designed to test the feasibility, time, cost, and adverse events involved in a research procedure but do not inherently focus on numerical data or hypothesis testing.