Which of the following would NOT be an example of a cognitive map?

A cognitive map refers to an internal representation of one's spatial environment, which helps individuals navigate and understand the layout of a space. This concept emphasizes the mental imagery and internal thought processes involved in spatial awareness.

A mental image of a city layout, a strategy for navigating a maze, and a personal route to school all involve mental representations that aid in visualization and navigation. These are examples of cognitive maps, as they rely on the individual's internal perception of space and how to maneuver within it.

In contrast, a guidebook with factual information about a location is a physical document that provides details without requiring the user to construct a mental representation of the space. It serves more as an external source of information rather than an internal cognitive process. Thus, it does not exemplify the concept of a cognitive map since it does not involve using mental imagery or spatial reasoning that a cognitive map entails.