Which of the following best defines a mental disorder?

A mental disorder is best defined as a psychological condition impairing functioning. This definition captures the essence of the various ways mental health conditions manifest in individuals, often affecting their emotional, cognitive, and social well-being. These disorders can lead to significant distress and can interfere with day-to-day activities, such as work, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Central to this definition is the concept of impairment; mental disorders go beyond temporary emotional responses or social conflicts. They often require clinical assessment and may involve symptoms that persist over time, rather than being transient emotional states. Moreover, mental disorders cannot simply be reduced to behavioral choices made by individuals, as these conditions might involve biological, psychological, and environmental factors that contribute to the severity of symptoms and the degree of functional impairment. This nuanced understanding is vital for proper diagnosis and treatment in the field of psychology.