Which of the following best describes the impact of stereotype threat on individuals?

The impact of stereotype threat on individuals is best described by the idea that it can adversely affect performance and self-esteem. Stereotype threat occurs when individuals are at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group. This phenomenon can create anxiety and self-doubt, which often leads to reduced performance in relevant tasks. For instance, when a student is aware of a stereotype suggesting that their group underperforms in academics, the pressure of potentially confirming that stereotype can distract from their focus, impair their ability to showcase their skills, and ultimately lead to poorer outcomes.

Additionally, the experience of stereotype threat can negatively impact individuals' self-esteem. When people feel that their abilities are judged against societal stereotypes, it can lead to internalized feelings of inadequacy and diminish their confidence, further compounding the disadvantage they face in both academic and social settings.

In contrast, the other options do not encapsulate the essence of stereotype threat. The idea that it enhances performance overlooks the core aspect of anxiety and distraction it induces. Suggesting that it has no effect on self-esteem ignores the psychological impact that being subjected to negative stereotypes can have on an individual's self-concept. Lastly, while stereotype threat might influence behavior in various ways, the notion that it fosters competitive behavior is not