What is the main concept behind social learning theory?

The main concept behind social learning theory is that behavior is learned through the observation and imitation of others. This theory, primarily associated with Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role of modeling in the learning process. According to social learning theory, individuals can acquire new behaviors simply by watching others and noting the consequences of those behaviors, rather than requiring direct reinforcement or punishment.

This process of learning can occur in various environments, such as home, school, or media, where individuals observe the actions of role models and mimic their behaviors if they perceive those actions to be effective or rewarding. The theory also highlights the importance of cognitive processes in learning, suggesting that attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation play pivotal roles in whether an observed behavior is imitated.

In contrast, the other options present views that limit the understanding of behavior to genetic inheritance, direct experience, or instinctual responses, which do not encompass the broader and more dynamic aspects of learning as described by social learning theory.