What does the "dual-process model" in decision-making propose?

The dual-process model in decision-making proposes that individuals utilize two distinct systems in their thought processes: an intuitive system and an analytical system. The intuitive system operates quickly and automatically, relying on heuristics and gut feelings, while the analytical system is slower and more deliberate, engaging in logical reasoning and critical thinking. This framework helps to explain how people can make quick decisions in everyday situations while also being capable of in-depth reasoning when faced with complex problems.

The model reflects the complexity of human cognition, showing that our decision-making isn't rigidly bound to one style but is instead influenced by a blend of fast, instinctive responses and slower, more reflective considerations. This understanding is essential for studying various psychological phenomena, such as biases in judgment and the effects of cognitive overload or stress on decision-making processes.

In contrast, the choices reflecting a single-system approach or automatic decision-making do not capture the nuanced reality outlined by the dual-process model. Additionally, while emotions play a critical role in decision-making, they are not the sole basis for every decision, thus illustrating the broader framework offered by the dual-process perspective.