What distinguishes intrinsic motivation from extrinsic motivation?

The distinction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation lies in the underlying reasons for engaging in a behavior. Intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for its own sake, driven by personal enjoyment, interest, or satisfaction derived from the activity itself. For example, someone who reads a book because they find it engaging and pleasurable is intrinsically motivated.

This type of motivation is characterized by a deep connection to the task where the individual finds value in the process rather than relying on external rewards or pressures. Such an approach often leads to increased persistence, creativity, and a higher likelihood of experiencing flow— a state of complete immersion and enjoyment in the activity.

In comparison, extrinsic motivation involves engaging in a behavior to achieve an external reward or to avoid a negative consequence. This might manifest as studying to earn good grades or working to receive a paycheck. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing how different types of motivation can impact learning and behavior.