How does Bandura's theory of observational learning suggest people learn?

Bandura's theory of observational learning posits that individuals learn behaviors not solely through direct experiences but significantly through the observation of others. This process involves watching others perform specific actions and the consequences that follow those actions. When individuals observe a model successfully executing a behavior and receiving reinforcement, they are more likely to imitate that behavior themselves. This concept highlights the importance of social context in shaping learning, indicating that a person's environment and the actions of others play a crucial role in their development and acquisition of new skills.

The foundational concept of observational learning is that people can learn through vicarious experiences. For example, if a child sees a peer rewarded for sharing toys, they may mimic that behavior in the hope of receiving similar positive feedback. This process of learning extends beyond mere imitation; it also involves cognitive processes, such as attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, which aid in understanding and applying what has been observed. Thus, the emphasis on observing and imitating others underscores the social nature of learning in Bandura's framework.